It Doesnt Matter Summary :: Nicholas Carr Article Summary

Power, the phone, the steam motor, the message, the railroad andâ… ..IT? In his HBR article, IT Doesn't Matter, Nicholas Carr has worked up a lot of debate around IT's job as key business differentiator. He analyzes its development and contends that it follows an example fundamentally the same as that of prior advances like railways and power. Toward the start of their advancement, these innovations gave chances to upper hand. Be that as it may, as they become increasingly more accessible Ââ€"as they become omnipresent Ââ€"they change into ware inputs, and lose their key separation capacities. From a key perspective, they basically become imperceptible. Carr recognizes exclusive advancements and what he calls infrastructural advances. Exclusive advancements can give a vital favorable position as long as they stay confined through physical constraints, protected innovation rights, significant expenses or an absence of measures, however once those limitations are lifted, the vital preferred position is lost. Conversely, infrastructural innovations give far more prominent worth when shared. Albeit an infrastructural innovation may seem exclusive in the beginning times of buildout, in the long run the qualities and financial matters of infrastructural innovation require that they will be comprehensively shared and will turn into a piece of the more extensive business foundation. To delineate his point, Carr utilizes the case of an exclusive railroad. It is conceivable that an organization may increase an upper hand by building lines just to their providers, yet in the long run this advantage would be unimportant contrasted with the more extensive great acknowledged by building a railroad arrange. The equivalent is valid for IT - no organization today would increase a financially savvy upper hand by narrowing its concentration and actualizing an Internet just between their providers to the avoidance of the remainder of the world. To additionally support his IT as item hypothesis, Carr refers to the way that significant innovation merchants, for example, Microsoft and IBM, are situating themselves as IT utilities, organizations that control the arrangement of business applications over the matrix. Couple this IT-as-utility pattern with the quickly diminishing expense of preparing power, information stockpiling and transmission, and even the most bleeding edge IT capacities immediately become accessible to all. In spite of the fact that IT might appear to be too different to even think about being contrasted with wares, for example, power and the railways, Carr brings up three explicit qualities that ensure fast commoditization: IT is a vehicle instrument; IT is exceptionally replicable; and IT is dependent upon quick value flattening.

The Development Of Credit Unions Free Essays

A credit association is a part claimed part controlled not-revenue driven agreeable budgetary organization. Credit associations were shaped to give advances to its individuals at lower paces of enthusiasm than would be other savvy accessible. The principal credit association was framed by a gathering of ranchers in Belgium, 1848, during a time of extreme financial downturn. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Development Of Credit Unions or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Townspeople arranged their cash to give credits to one another. This agreeable methodology helped ranchers abstain from paying the high rates being charged by â€Å"loan sharks†. These credits empowered a rancher to purchase the necessities to plant a yield or to assist individuals with purchasing coal in mass at lower costs. At the hour of their starting points the main budgetary help accessible was the nearby moneylenders. At the hour of the downturn individuals who took out credits had to pay costly financing costs. Credit Unions serve low-pay individuals. A person†s capacity (pay) to reimburse is viewed as more significant than the longing to continue the advantages of the credit association. Individuals are getting their own cash and that of their friends. By 1900 the principal money related agreeable thought had spread from Germany to Canada. Canadas effective endeavors affected two Americans. Pierre Jay the Massachusetts bank official and Edward A. Filene a Boston shipper. These two men helped sorted out formal reviews on the credit association authoritative in Massachusetts. This drove the foundation of the main Credit Union Act in the United States in 1909. The development of credit associations over the U.S. was moderate. Less than 10 states passed credit association laws. 1934 Congress passed the Federal Credit Union Act. This demonstration set the essential structure, which oversees credit associations today, models: Part control is justly practiced paying little heed to the quantity of offers held. Advances, which are essential speculation for credit association, are made only to individuals. A directorate regulates the board By 1935 38 states and the District of Columbia had laws allowing the foundation of credit association and more than 3,000 were in presence. In 1970†³s acknowledge associations were doing combating for the administration for government share protection and the battle for national reserve to help the network created credit associations (CDCU). In 1970 congress built up the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) a free organization answerable for managing and contracting government credit associations and NCUA and Congress likewise settled the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund. This empowered the NCUA to guarantee the portions of all the government and state credit associations. In 1978 the Federal Credit Union Act was corrected to set up a three-part board, designated by the president, to head NCUA. Broadly, there are right around 11,000 acknowledge associations for over 73 million individuals. The Credit Union National Association (CUNA) is the national exchange for credit associations. Also, there are 50 state credit association groups and alliances for the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The credit association development is developing all through the world, including underdeveloped nations and Europe where individuals need help with setting up shopper fund frameworks. There are more than 37,000 credit associations worldwide in 87 countries with more than 88 million individuals. The most effective method to refer to The Development Of Credit Unions, Essay models

Beginning Your Mystery Novel

Starting Your Mystery Novel Starting Your Mystery Novel Starting Your Mystery Novel By Maeve Maddox Youve got an extraordinary thought for a puzzle novel. You can barely wait to begin, yet before you dispatch into that first part, three stages can spare you long periods of dissatisfaction and fix work later. 1. With the homicide as the focal occasion, draw a course of events. Demonstrate where each character is at some random time. This will help you in the formation of explanations. It will likewise keep you from setting a character in two places simultaneously. Have an unmistakable thought from the start with respect to what timeframe your story will cover. Anticipation is constantly more prominent when the activity happens inside severe time requirements. 2. Compose brief a true to life sketch for each character. You may have just three characters in the first place: casualty, criminologist, and individual recounting to the story. As new characters enter the story, include their profiles. Set aside the effort to consider suitable names for your characters. Utilizing impermanent names and transforming them later is counterproductive. Names add to a feeling of character. The histories neednt be protracted. Clear data required: the characters physical appearance age sexual orientation yearnings job in the story Realizing the characters different preferences, past dissatisfactions, and in any event one youth injury will take care of your oblivious psyche, adding to the plot in manners you cannot foresee when you start your story. In the event that also you give each character a mystery, the way is clear to give bogus leads by causing the guiltless characters to carry on in dubious manners. 3. Keep your draft in single word preparing record, not in independent documents for every part. Having it across the board large record will streamline modification. You will need to rework parts and spread out data. Its a lot simpler to do that when the whole draft is in one accessible record. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Fiction Writing class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?Sentence Adverbs

Dangerous Games Research The Uses and Abuses of History - 275 Words

Dangerous Games Research: The Uses and Abuses of History (Essay Sample) Content: Running Head: Dangerous Games Dangerous Games: The Uses and Abuses of History Your Name Your Institutions Name Your Professors Name Paper Abstract As human beings, we all live in history whereby some of us are either made or broken by it, while some make history. History is mostly written by a few of us but then read by the majority. Some people try so hard to make use of it by going through the past for similarities to give details of the current and to forecast the upcoming. However some of us neither write nor read it but instead we spoil it. In this undeniable article, Macmillan looks into the different ways in which history has been politicized and perverted to simply take care of one purpose or another. Dangerous Games gives clear information of her expert psychoanalysis and points of view presented in her insightful humorous writing style. Dangerous Games: The Uses and Abuses of History Dangerous Games is an interesting highly refined and decipherable book which allows readers to discover more on the dangers of inappropriately tending to the past, overlooking demanding truth and disfiguring it. Macmillan simply describes history as a pool that lies beneath the current, noiselessly deceiving our societies, likes and dislikes as well as our habits of thinking, (Macmillan, 2010, p.14), and if done appropriately history helps in unfastening the past in different constructive ways, she adds, thus history should grant the wellbeing of the living. She looks at how the past has present significance as a foundation of national satisfaction, in offering a sense of uniqueness for different groups and as an instrument of mending past wrongs. In her significant work, we learn that history is more than just demonstrating the facts but its all about structuring the past. She tries to look at the varied ways in which the principles and dangers of history have an effect on us not forgetting how the history itself is being used and misused. Since the past should be used for the wellbeing of the living and history made out of what has happened so as to become persons and live as persons, we must never abuse history. We simply need to understand the super-historical and the unhistorical roles played in our modern life that is not a historicism slave. In our secular life, history has somehow relocated religion, using it as a means of conveying principles and positioning moral standards. We therefore expect the history judgment to act as an object of binding generations, making the nation as well as an object of asserting individuality and not merely by being just. Its however quite amusing that history has turned out to be a battlefield of professors who are often pushed into forefront service in the ethnic wars. In addition, criticism brings out our present life after the past of which may have fallen in conflict to the one which we are descended. We try creating a second nature of ourselves in such a scenario, and in so doing we understand that each triumphant subsequent nature was once a primary nature and the primary nature at one time happens to be a subsequent nature. In other words, by being critical of the past, broadening our fleeting look of history to find the good and bad turns out to be our subsequent nature, being cr itical will probably be the first nature of the following generation. We try to give hope of a better livelihood that is quite healthy to the following generation by basically taking off the rose colored glasses. For history to be used to serve the living then we should be able to embrace the social, cultural as well as religious history altogether for the purposes of gaining facts. In our contemporary society, one has to have the cultural and historical knowledge to be seen as educated, even though this does not make us refined. We live in times when through the historical education we are able to ignore the unfairness of the present, which leads to the ripping of the inner and outer personalities. People have continued loosing their dignity at the expense of becoming educated and historys ability to shape life has been shattered purely by the science objective. Macmillan clearly reveals that the deeper engagement of history with our personal lives and the public discussions can easily help us understand the world and ourselves much better guiding us to more progressive, wealthier persons and nations, (Macmillan, 2010, p.53), but she also gives a warning that history can be misused hence leading to great misunderstandings among ourselves and nations. Many might be thinking that historical things have a bigger value as compared to the current things, but when the peoples sense is hard-bitten in this way, when history serves the existence of the past in such a manner that it conceals advance livelihood, when historical sagacity destroys life and no longer protects it, then the nations ideology dies inexplicably from the top progressively down to the ancestry. According to her, bad history simply enlightens on the multifaceted fractions of stories which are rather deceptive and can lead to national myths creation that embrace their own perils. A great example is that of the Serbian myths formed due to the defeat of prince Lazar, Serbians hero. Macmillan points out clearly that Lazar was just a Serb prince and at the time of his killing, the battle was declared as Serbs victory and was broadly analyzed as a draw, being far from spotting Serbs end of sovereignty, Serbia remained sovereign for decades. It was Lazars death that was used by the Orthodox Church to strengthen the opposition myth to the Turkish rule for centuries. Later on the myth crashed with the appearance of chauvinism transversely Europe, resulting to bloody disagreements in the former Yugoslavia and activating still bloodier world war1 proceedings. Dangerous Games explores why its absolutely important for history to be treated with great care. History manipulation in the world of today is progressively more persistent, being used to protect both the political functions and religious activities alike. This is simply because those who find no enthusiasm in living tend to turn to history and headstone it for enthusiasm. However, we can all agree that history can never be simulated through head-stoning, and the greatness that once was become again in the same manner. These can only occur if we misrepresent the history so as to get the similar consequence. The result of trying to reconstruct the cause to raise the same great consequence is simply just the effort to revitalize the effect. For to replicate the reason that lead to the effect in history is simply to copy and yet there is no repeating history. It is this attempt to replicate history that ends up obliterating it through reinterpretation and misrepresentation leading to creation of mythic inventions. We use history to petition to power, put up a regretful history, run away from the present and more so correct the past with a command for contemporary compensations. National fable-creation is a unique basis of frank misrepresentations and suppressions, a basically good history decomposes bad folklores. Nations are a modern progress of like the last two hundred years as we all understand, but that doesnt prevent the false petitions to fantasy past histories. History, at its best educates us, however there still exists misty areas like what to omit or comprise in a school set of courses or in the museum display about the Enola gay concerning a past war and still the public celebrations like Columbus Day do incite the historical argument. Enola Gay is a well known atomic bomber whose exhibits were exchanged at the National Air and Space Museum due to the controversy over the original historical script displayed with the aircraft. On the other hand, Columbus Day is a public holiday in celebration of the empirical native peoples conquest and genocidal effects that followed the coming of Columbus in the West Indies. The controversy has come up over the legality of honoring the voyager, Christopher Columbus as a conqueror. Macmillan tries to clearly bring out the idea of history being the best and ideal source of strong disbelief, self consciousness and modesty, (Macmillan, 2010, p. 93). Macmillan argues that much of the recorded history is tainted by nationalistic and religious prejudices claiming that citizens unaware of its shortcomings are easily manipulated by less-than-scrupulous leaders, (Macmillan, 2010, p.98). A good example is that of Adolf Hitler, whereby he actually put the blame on the Jews for Germanys defeat and its humiliation in World War 1 at Versailles. She skillfully thinks that its of great necessity for us, having a great knowledge of the past to avoid the ordinary traps in thinking to which we may be the target. This therefore calls for a new assessment and understanding of history not forgetting our own faith. In most cases history may be repressed by autocrats simply because it confronts their total power asserts, their thoughts as well as their plans, they undermine history only to use it in formulating traditions. In this very important although slim volume, historian Macmillan tries to defy those who use or abuse history for their own intentions. She tries to draw upon tangible examples from the Chinese who in spite of rising to the position of fiscal superpower, still promote the sense of oppression, to the Israelites and Palestinians fighting over land now under the power of Israel with the subject of who may have arrived there first (Macmillan, 20...

9 Gift Ideas for Ocean Lovers

China s Politics And Economy - 758 Words

In addition, China s politics and economy have great differences with western countries because of the special national conditions, that the political power (or government) may have a prominent or even overwhelming strength relative to the economy (or business), which may have a decisive influence on economic development. First, the government-lead economy has caused excessive pursuit of economic development but neglect the quality of development (Zhou, Zhang Shen, 2015). Second is the government s control and allocation of resources and the dominant mode of development of the state-owned economy have caused a series of problems like the loss of economic benefits to a certain extent (Dollar, 1990). So the excessive concentration of political and administrative power caused by the low degree legalization and democratization in Chinese economy may have resulted in some obstacles in the economic development to enterprises, and this kind of rent-seeking which has political power to cont rol economic resources and the right of examination and approval maybe one of the reasons caused China’s corruption and damaged the normal order of the market economy. In western countries, companies could hire a lobby group to lobby government in order to gain some benefits and a lot of countries such as the United States have the Federal Regulation of lobbying act that make constraint on lobbying (Hansen Mitchell, 2000). 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Sujian Guo states in his book Chinese Politics in Comparative Communist Systems, â€Å"The existence of the party-state and the blending of the political and administrative functions is one of the distinctive characteristics of the communist system world wide† (Guo 9). These â€Å"Party-State Relations† occur in all communist countries. There are many key featuresRead MoreThe Rise Of The West1705 Words   |  7 Pagesclosing years of the nineteenth century, was the rise of the United States. indicates that America is already on top. (Zakaria, 2). The rise of the United States of America was in the 19th century. It has become the most powerful in science, culture, politics, and global economics. Our military grows stronger and stronger over the years, making our soldiers powerful. World war 1 and 2 played a big role in lifting the United States of America. The United States has a racially diverse population. ThereRead MoreChin Facing The 21st Century1511 Words   |  7 Pages CHINA: FACING THE 21ST CENTURY Name: Course No: Date: Institution: A Case Study on China in the 21st Century Logic of the Chinese development strategy China was well-known as one of the longest serving dynasties of the world, and after the end of the Qing Dynasty, it began its evolution into a flourishing economy. During this period where different regimes came into power, three fundamental pillars were used to sustain the imperial system of government. These components contributedRead MoreThe Travels Of A T Shirt1248 Words   |  5 PagesAnswer 1 â€Å"The Travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy† focuses on a t-tshirt that makes its way around the world from the beginning stages of production to the end of its usefulness. Pietra Rivoli, an economist and the author of the book, tracks the life story of her t-shirt and explores the relationships between people, politics and markets. The book is broken down into four parts: â€Å"King Cotton†, â€Å"Made in China†, â€Å"Trouble at the Border† and â€Å"My T-shirt Finally Encounters a Free Market†. Read MoreChin Culture, Economic, Political, Military Perspective1060 Words   |  5 PagesChina: culture, economic, political, military perspective Class 13D 003-17 SGT Moreno, Adam Introduction China is a nation in East Asia whose vast landscape covers grassland, desert, mountains, lakes, rivers and more than 14,000km (8699.1967mi) of coastline. China borders 14 different countries; Afghanistan, Pakistan, Vietnam, North Korea, Russia, Bhutan, Burma, Nepal, Laos, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and India (Kallie Szczepanski). The capital Beijing mixes modernRead MoreI Am The Owner Of My Company1061 Words   |  5 Pagesspecialized in government relations and financial services by providing back channel services to business leaders and government officials on current China economic affairs. 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Being australian Essay Example For Students

Being australian Essay What is the Australian National Identity? Who can decide what it is? Who istruly Australian? These questions have been asked throughout this countrys short life. Many have different views on what is what, but I believe that you cant really just saywell this is what an Australian is and thats that. But there are definitely uniquequalities about Australians that are evident. The booklet entitled Being Australianhas many different representations on what is Australian, these are the images thatDuring the colonial era, many of the true Australian qualities were shown. They showed, resourcefulness, independence, mateship, egalitarianism, and enduranceto name a fewDistinct Australian qualities(traits) were seen to be identifiable andreflected the democratic and egalitarian values and aspirations of the people. There were other people with very strong views on what is Australian. By theterm Australian we mean not just those who have been merely born in Australia. Allwhite men who come to these shores- with a clean record- and who leave behind themthe memory of class distinctions and the religious differences of the old world; all menwho place the happiness, the prosperity, the advancement of their adopted countrybefore the interests of imperialism are Australian. Then there were other people like Henry Lawson who described the typicalAustralian as having, pessimism, callousness, atheism and stoic endurance. Butunfortunately, according to Fred Broomfields, Henry Lawson is not the seizer andhistorian of the typical Australian, simply because there is no such beingBut thesethings are common to all isolated people. Fred Broomfields, also wrote that there is the typical small town Australian. The climate breeds a desire for out-of-door exercise. Men will transact business underverandahs, and make appointments at the corners of streets. The evening stroll will bean institutionThe boys, brought up outside their homeslearn to roam, and as theyconquer difficulties for themselveslearn to care little for their parents. James Hogan stated that there is definitely three traits most evident in an 1 An inordinate love of field sports. 2 A Very decided disinclination to recognise the authority of parents 3 A grievous dislike to mental effortThere are many different views on what is Australian, but it is also so difficultto say, as there is an Australian of the coast, an Australian of the bush and anAustralian of the city; so which do you choose. But Australia has been put togetherwith many races and cultures and thats just how it is, but as W.K.Hancock said, theunity of Australia means nothing if it did not imply a united race. Bibliography:

The Tragic Character In Oedipus The King free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper A tragic character is a classical poetry play in which a baronial rule character is brought to destroy basically as a effect of some utmost quality that is both illustriousness and his ruin. In the Oedipus Plays of Sophocles by Paul Roche, describes Oedious as a prorper male monarch, powerful individual, and really respectful human being for a good tragic hero. # 8220 ; Children, kids! Scions of the ancient Cadmean line! What is this significance of his mobing around my pess this holds out of oil boughs all wreathed in suffering? # 8221 ; ( sophocles.pg.23 ) this quotation mark by Oedipus, shows that he is a proper male monarch. A proper male monarch must be a individual who is respected by people and dramas in an of import function ina society. Oedipus resembles a proper male monarch because he is apprehensible, he will non allow his people suffer and wanted to treated every bit by his people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragic Character In Oedipus The King or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He aware of his responsibilities and order for his people to respoect him. For illustration when Oedipus found out that his people neede him to salvage the metropolis of Thebess. Oedipous listens to what his people demands are and attempts to work out them the best manner he can. Oedipus is a powerful individual who has the authorization to make anything he wants or desires and has the support of his people. For illustration when the chorus chooses to back up Oedipus to salvage the metropolis for the Thebes, he has power to direct Creon to Delphi to salvage the metropolis from the pestilence. Besides, he has the power to work out the enigma of killing the old male monarch named Laius by publishing a policy statement to assist happen the slayer in the first episode in the book. # 8220 ; So, Oedipus, you most respected male monarch # 8221 ; ( sophocles.pg.24 ) This tells us that Oedipus is a respectful perosn to his people, this was said by one of his people. he is a male monarch who treats elderly like any other people, he wants to be respected by his people by speaking to them and recognizing them. He regard he has the power to make what he wants but he merely uses his power to make what is good for his people. he besides esteem his people by informing and giving them their demands. In conlusion, Oedipus is a good a traguc hero who is a proper male monarch, powerful individual, and respectful human being.

13 Ways to Make a Freelance Living

13 Ways to Make a Freelance Living 13 Ways to Make a Freelance Living 13 Ways to Make a Freelance Living By Colin The Internet has provided freelance writers with a whole new set of prospects for selling their skills. But while traditional markets will always be the main source of freelance writers’ income, it is possible to increase earnings in other markets using a little imagination and ingenuity. Here you will find fourteen markets that are always on the hunt for freelance writers able to produce quality, original writing, on a reliable basis. Scan the job boards often enough, and these are the types of jobs that consistently pop up, many of them with excellent compensation packages. 1. Magazines Magazines are the bread and butter of the freelancing writing industry. Writing for magazines opens you up to hundreds, if not thousands of markets, of all kinds of subject matter. No matter where a person’s interests may lie, it is pretty much guaranteed there will be a magazine for it somewhere. Wherever your expertise may lie, write about it, and target these markets first. The more you know, the more you can write about, and the more writing you do for a magazine, the easier you will find it to branch out into new markets later on. 2. Newspapers Newspapers are stuffed with columns, reviews, commentary, and articles on subjects that affect every aspect of contemporary society. Getting published as a freelance writer in a newspaper is hard going, though, so start locally. Offer your services covering local events for a small fee or a by-line, and get to know the editor. It’s a small world in the newspaper industry, so working your way up is possible, provided you work hard, and network well. 3. Fillers Another way of getting your foot in the door with newspapers is to write fillers. Fillers are very small pieces used to fill up redundant space on the page, such as brief news items, obscure news, jokes, and opinion, etc. Editors are always on the lookout for good fillers, so if you can stand out with original writing, and provide their requirements quickly and accurately, you stand a good chance of being considered for regular or more in-depth work when it comes along. 4. SEO Articles SEO articles, whether for a broker or direct with a client, are a great way of earning money. There is such intense competition on the Internet for traffic and advertising revenue, companies will pay handsomely for a freelance writer that can turn out articles to attract users to their business. 5. C.V.s (Resumà ©s) Everyone needs a Curriculum Vitae (C.V.), but not everyone can write a good one. Some people would prefer to enlist the help of a professional writer to help them build a quality C.V., and this provides a nice way for a freelance writer to begin earning money. It’s a good idea to do some research into what makes a good C.V., but with a little practice and common sense it is possible to earn consistently in this market, writing for individuals or businesses. 6. Copywriting Copywriting under the sales and marketing umbrella is another steady road to earning, though it can require a little more research to get underway. Anyone who wants to sell something will require a copywriter at some point, and although copywriting is a more specialised area, with a little know-how and creativity, it is a potential goldmine of varied writing and cash flow, if you can get off the ground. 7. Website Content Any business, organisation, or individual that wishes to promote, sell, or inform, requires a website to do all of these things, and thus the web content writer is in huge demand. Web content writing pays well, and if you choose to specialise it can provide a great source of income and keep you very busy. Sales and marketing knowledge is a must, as may some basic SEO skills, but very often what is required more than anything is a creative writer that can transfer their enthusiasm onto the web page. 8. E-books Some people say e-books will replace print, and others argue the opposite. But while the debate rages on, one thing for sure is e-books won’t be going away any time soon. The best selling e-books are generally how-to or specialised knowledge books, so if you are hired to write one, there will undoubtedly be some research involved. Writing an e-book is no different to writing a traditional book, the only difference being you won’t be able to hold it in your hands when it’s published. 9. Press Releases Being able to write a press release is a useful method of earning one-off gigs, but in some cases can end up being a long-term source of income. Knowing how to pitch and sell within a press release may require some knowledge of the product or service being sold, but the structure of a good press releases remains the same; who, where, when, why, and what. Do a good job on the first one, and a company may be inclined to use you for the second, and third, and so on. 10. Newsletters There are hundreds of organisations that want to promote themselves or keep in touch with their client base, and very often newsletters provide the ideal solution. Writing newsletters is a great way to break into freelancing and gather clips at the same time, and the requirements you need to get started are low in comparison to fillers or other copywriting gigs. 11. Ghost Writing Ghost writing comes in many forms and pays on a very varied scale. And while it is not for anyone who seeks fame, a lot of money can be earned from it. But while the money may be good, be prepared to receive none of the credit. Be honest with yourself that you can handle this aspect before you take the job. Ghost writers that receive five figure sums to write a book for a celebrity are extremely rare. Most ghost writing involves writing material on almost any subject. It could be that you are asked to write for someone who wants to expand their business, or who is simply unable to write for themselves. 12. Greeting Cards While writing greeting cards pays extremely well for so few words, it is also a very tough market to break into. The upside is there is a massive market for this type of writing, as the sale of paper greeting cards for all occasions remains a hugely competitive industry. Editors, therefore, are always on the hunt for good quality, original material. 13. Novelty Tourist Merchandise Everything with words on it has required input from a writer somewhere along the line. This includes such things as postcards, magnets, bumper stickers, and t-shirts. This can often be a very well paid area of freelance writing, and requires the ability to write catchy, original phrases and content, time after time. And as with ghost writing, there is usually no credit to be gained other than monetary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Story20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"What’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

BMW CENTRAL BUILDING (Leipzig, Germany) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BMW CENTRAL BUILDING (Leipzig, Germany) - Essay Example Name Tutor Task Date BMW CENTRAL BUILDING BMW central building in Leipzig Germany, is a magnificent building designed by Pritzker Prize together with Zaha Hadid architects, this happened in the year 2003. The building was designed with the concept of holding the integral sections that involved in the production of the BMW vehicles in one roof. Initially, the BMW real estate and facility management group had designed the three separate production units; the competition was put up to design the interlinked three core production units ( Aaron Betsky, 256). The best design by the Zaha Hadid and the Pritzker Prize to interlinked the three productions unit, which is the paint shop, the body building shop, and the assembly area; also included were administration, Restaurant for the staff. The conceptual idea behind the design, and building of this state of the art building which is a nerve centre of all the factory processes of assembling BMW vehicles was to allow easily movement of assembl ed body parts to be conveyed from one production unit of an elevated building to the other production unit. The focal point of designing and building an assembly hall, was to create enough space around the production line, was to give room for further expansion of the hall in the future without disruption to production. The magnificent building is not only functioning as a production piece of the factory, but also an epicenter of so many activities, including; the public relation area, offices, and the meeting room. The environmental approach was put into considerations, when the stipulate the use of water based paints to avoid environmental conflicts. The BMW central building is made up of several elevated conveyers which are made of a standard range of building materials like corrugated metals, channel glass and glass walls; this gave it a spectacular appearance and a unique design which stand out to be a unique building in Leipzig, Germany. The whole BMW central building covered 2.2 kilometer square that is 540 acre piece of land. The fabrication of bodies’ hall covers 640,000 square feet; the paint shop is covering 270,000 square feet and the assembly hall which is the largest cover 1,075,000 square feet. Included in the structural design is the large parking yard, the integral structural feature has the dynamic spectacle where it allows the movement the inherent dynamism movement of car bodies and vehicles and the arrangement of the parking lots giving it a gorgeous look. The other unique features in the building are such like the strategy used to organize the cross section that connect the ground floor and the first floor, there are two sequences of terraced plates of staircases that were set up from the southern part of the building to the northern part of building. The other staircase moved straight up from the ground floor meeting the first cascade then moving up to the space projecting the entrance. The advantage is that the articulation of th e most recognizable domain within an overall field. The materials used in the internal organization and walls separating the conveyors allow visual communication much more among the staff of all the ranks; this is to avoid the common tradition of segregation of them into a status group. The designing and building of this centre followed the modern organization of the offices in such a way that can provide a working

Fashion marketing - target customer- stravarious brand research Essay

Fashion marketing - target customer- stravarious brand research - Essay Example The essay "Fashion marketing - target customer- stravarious brand research" discovers the marketing of Stradivarius brand. With this concern, the essay intends to research the current retail environment as well as market competition prevailing in the UK business and also the campaign surrounding the launch of Stradivarius. Apart from this, an evaluation of the scale of the launch of the brand, assessment of how the brand will attract the existing along with new customers of Inditex and ideas about generating greater awareness about the brand, will also be highlighted in the essay. Thus, based on this research, a pre-framed questionnaire will be compiled, which will help in building a complete picture of the customers and their expectations in the market sector of retailing. It is quite essential to evaluate the current retail environment prevailing in the business markets of the UK, as Inditex is planning to launch its another globally renowned brand Stradivarius in this region. Acco rding to the report published by Crown (n.d.), it can be apparently observed that the current retail environment prevailing in the UK largely contributes in developing the economy of the nation through employing huge figure of skilled workforce and generating approximately  £17.5 billion taxes among others. The report also highlighted the fact that the retail sector of the UK is viewed to be a foremost leader in the arena of innovation. The international retail brands operating in the business markets of the UK.

The perception of the perfect body image Essay Example for Free

The perception of the perfect body image Essay It is only now she realises that she got favoured over the less attractive staff and got more pay rises than most people do. He didnt even know my cousin, but flirted with her constantly because of her outside appearance. This eventually grew until she could take no more. Unfortunately she had to leave her job as a consequence. All because she was the victim of the perfect body beautiful. He hadnt known what her personality was like, he just seen a woman and abused that fact. This too is becoming a huge problem, not only is it the ugly people being targeted but also, the beautiful people. So what is it better to be? There are problems on both sides of unwanted attention and heavy flirtation that can become overwhelming and a nuisance yet these women shouldnt have to suffer because of their appearance. There is no escaping this type of prejudice. How could this be allowed to surface in the first place? Yet again it shows how shallow our society has become, when is it going to stop? Will it ever stop? Has it gone to far beyond repair? Theres no doubt about the influence of the media on womens self-esteem and appearance. On ITV they had a program Make me Beautiful, this is added pressure of women feeling so insecure about themselves that they are prepared to undergo plastic surgery to see themselves as beautiful. The program in itself is wrong as it is recognising that women have an issue with beauty, but is letting them change their bodies to justify this and make the social image of the perfect body beautiful become acceptable. This is also against Christian beliefs but because it isnt recognised as such, it makes it hard to deem an act against Gods word. Nevertheless, women should not become reconciled to the medias pressure. They neednt stick to the artificial images, but instead try to be beautiful in their own way. Women even tend to diet often which can lead to serious illnesses that include eating disorders, this is because of the media attention that is given to attractive women. People are fooled into thinking that if they can be a size six they will be beautiful, but often this isnt the case, and when the result isnt pleasing. Depression slides into play. It is an evil downward spiral of deceit that comes from the media pressure of celebrities. As most celebrities themselves support a range of diets and are painfully thin. This can be seen my Lindsey Lohan, a well-known teen actress who has suffered from strain of the public eye and has became increasingly thin. Which is worrying, as she is a role model for teenage girls. Yet there are some magazines that acknowledge this, we open The Sun and go to Bizarre column and we see the latest gossip about who is too thin. Although this has been recognised, the media and society do nothing to follow through their findings. A womans beauty comes from the centre; it is where her heart lies, where her personality beams up her whole body, it can be her interests, or what makes her happy. Or it can be just her simple loving thought. Women are cheated of their right to happiness. It isnt fair but until the public address the seriousness of this situation, when eating disorders rise, when suicides from bullying rocket and when more and more women become depressed, it may make the world wake up. The government is solving the waste problem; it is solving the peace problem, even the health problem with the recent non-smoking ban. But when will the time come to solve the body image problem that plagues our streets and will become one of the worlds top killers, which has been proved by Anorexia Wastes Life Association. The time to act is now, but is it too little too late when the statistics show death? Two weeks later the woman in this picture aged 22, died of Anorexia. All because she too wanted the Perfect Body Beautiful. i i Stefanie Jameson Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Against Animal Testing Essay -- Animal Rights

Animal testing has started long back in the ancient Greek times. Greek physician Galen dissected animals, this became known as vivisection, which he studied. Since then animal testing has long grew. Over the many years our people have been either against or with animal testing. Animal testing has been an issue that has been occurring for many years and will continue into our future. Over the years our culture has created organizations for people both sides of this topic trying to convince others to be choosing a side. We the people are now able to make our own decision on which side we want to be on. Animal testing is seen as useful reasons for medical experimentation due to animals being genetically similar to humans. Mice and rats are nearly identical to humans in their genetic components. Rodents make up 95% of the animals used in testing while the other 5% consist of monkeys, fish, birds, etc. Animal testing has been very important to our society, it has been a step in ensuring the safety of new pharmaceuticals and medical procedures. Journalist John Cook notes in the online magazine Salon, "There is virtually no new drug--from Viagra to Prozac to Claritin--that has been brought to market in recent decades without a large number of animals dying in the process." There have been many new vaccines and surgical procedures that have been derived from animal testing. Supports of animal testing agree with the practice, it has a positive impact of society. Supports also believe that without animal testing, researchers would have a difficult time learning the safety of drugs. Anima ls "are the best possible models we have short of humans, and experimenting on people is not acceptable," says Frankie Trull, the president of the Founda... ... References: Mason, Heather (5/25/04). Americans Unruffled by Animal Testing. Gallup Poll Tuesday Briefing. Biever, Celeste (5/13/06). Can computer models replace animal testing? New Scientist, Vol. 190 Animal Testing. (2006, March 31). Issues & Controversies On File. Retrieved August 3, 2006, from Issues & Controversies @ FACTS.com database. Testing times, Animal experiments (6/10/06). The Economist (US).Retrieved August 3, 2006, from Health & Wellness. Animal Testing 101 (8/12/06). PETA Retrieved August 12, 2006 from Stop Animal Testing.com Animal testing (2006) The Humane Society of the United States .Retrieved August 20, 2006. The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1958). W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch Center For Alternatives To Animal Testing. The Johns Hopkins University 1997-2006.

Leadership vs. Management Essay

Leadership and management must go hand in hand. They are not the same thing. But they are necessarily linked, and complementary. The manager’s job is to plan, organise and coordinate. The leader’s job is to inspire and motivate. In his 1989 book â€Å"On Becoming a Leader,† Warren Bennis composed a list of the differences: the manager administers the leader innovates the manager is a copy the leader is an original the manager maintains the leader develops the manager focuses on systems and structures the leader focuses on people the manager relies on control the leader inspires trust the manager has a short-range view the leader has a long-range perspective the manager asks how and when the leader asks what and why the manager has his/her eye always on the bottom line the leader’s eye is on the horizon the manager imitates the leader originates the manager accepts the status quo the leader challenges it the manager is the classic good soldier the leader is his/her own person the manager does things right the leader does the right thing Leadership Attributes of a leader: Studies, and develops ideas and principles Innovates Resourceful and looks for solutions to problems Empathetic with a focus on people Inspires trust among stakeholders Understands the big picture Superior listening skills Courageously challenges the state of affairs, and asks why and what can be improved Looks for opportunities to develop strengths Develops a following A leader’s specific roles are determined through the four basic leadership responsibilities of directing, coaching, supporting and delegating. Specific responsibilities will fall into one of these four categories. In leadership practice, one must master skills in all areas in order to effectively lead others under their direction. Developing strengths in each of the four leadership roles allows a leader to read specific situations accurately and know what communication style is best applied. Directing Directing refers to how to keep work tasks and activities on the right track. A leader’s direction is what makes or breaks problem solving as well as determines the effectiveness of an approach to an assignment or task, the maintaining of momentum until its completion, and whether it is done by deadline. There are several ways to generate good direction techniques. These include: Explain things completely and include the ‘why’s’ Leaders learn early on that the best way to gain support and trust from their employees is to explain all things in their entirety. Once people understand why something is important or necessary, they generally rally to the call of that which needs to be done or addressed. Remain visible Leaders understand the power of their presence at all times. Nothing deflates the workforce’s motivation and desire to achieve more than to be left on their own with no visible means of support or direction. Objectively consider opposing points of view Leaders consider situations, problems and solutions from various viewpoints, as the input from as many individuals as possible expands their capabilities to effectively frame their direction. Coaching Coaching refers to when a leader knows where he or she wants to go and remains in control of the task but needs to lead others in developing a mutual support network. Coaching instils the desire to achieve and builds a dialogue bridge between the leader and those under his or her charge. This  motivates employees and positively changes attitudes toward the work assignment. To do this effectively a leader must make an effort to: Incorporate the word ‘we’ into all conversations Effective leaders eliminate the word â€Å"I† because it denotes a singular rather than cooperative effort. The very meaning of the term â€Å"coaching† implies a team effort. Listen for objections and areas of misunderstanding Effective leaders who coach well develop the skill of eliminating objections by developing an effective dialogue and creating clear and concise responses. Offer explanations addressing the ‘why’s, what’s and how’s’ of the problem or task at hand Good coaching depends upon complete understanding. Motivation and confidence comes from understanding the expectations a leader has of those involved in a given task, assignment or problem solving situation. Supporting Managers cannot be effective leaders unless they actively hone their supporting skills. People look warmly on leaders who actively work to support them emotionally as well as physically. When leaders actively work to support the people under their charge they: Acknowledge individual efforts with comments of praise and positive support Leaders are not afraid to say â€Å"thank you,† or â€Å"you’re doing a great job,† or whatever it takes to instil confidence in an individual. Disclose their own feelings openly and honestly Leaders are not afraid to reveal their â€Å"inner self.† Trust and loyalty are built on disclosing inward feelings, concerns and desires. Readily and honestly opening up builds encouragement and perseverance on both sides. Never hesitate to ask, ‘What’s wrong?’ Leaders allow themselves to get into the thick of a situation or task, and are quick to share the decision making responsibility, but know when to relinquish control in order to gain extra participation and involvement. Delegating Leaders know and understand their people. They know their strengths and weaknesses as well as what motivates and frustrates them. Effective delegating relies on the ability to select the proper person for the specific task or role. Leaders develop good delegation skills by: Briefing the delegate Leaders leave nothing to chance when they delegate. When delegating, it is vital to explain exactly what expectations the leader has of the delegated individual. Having confidence in the person they select Leaders do not select individuals for an assignment according to their job descriptions or the salaries they command, they look for people with the skills, abilities, perseverance and motivation to get the job done and done well. Not abdicating responsibility, but allowing individuals to decide a best course of action for themselves Leaders monitor and weigh these individual decisions, but never advance their own leadership position for a particular course of action unless they assess  it to be the best one. Understanding Theories of Leadership Trait Theory of Leadership Trait Theory of Leadership is based on the assumption that people are born with inherited traits and some traits are particularly suited to leadership. People who make effective leaders have the right (or sufficient) combination of traits and great leaders has some common personality characteristics. Traits/skills generally believed to be possessed by leaders can be classified into categories such as: Physical characteristics (e.g. age; height; weight; alertness; energetic); Background characteristics (e.g. education; social status; mobility; experience); Intelligence characteristics (e.g. ability; judgement; knowledge; clever {intelligent}; conceptually skilled; creative; knowledgeable about group task; intellectual breadth); Personality characteristics (e.g. aggressiveness; alertness; dominance; decisiveness; enthusiasm; extroversion; independence; self-confidence; authoritarianism; assertive; tolerant of stress); Task-Oriented characteristics (e.g. achievement needs; responsibility; initiative; persistence; ambitiousness; achievement-orientated; decisive; persistent; willingness to assume responsibility; organised {administrative ability}; Social characteristics (e.g. supervisory ability; cooperativeness; popularity; prestige; tact; diplomacy; adaptability; cooperative; dependable; tactful; persuasive; socially skilled; emotional stability and composure; good interpersonal skills). Look at the Social Characteristics above. Be honest with yourself and write down those characteristics you feel you have and those that you feel you still need to work on. Behavioural theories Behavioural psychology, also known as behaviourism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning. Behavioural theories focus on how leaders behave and assume that leaders can be â€Å"made†, rather than born, and successful leadership is based on definable, learnable behaviour. Theory X and Theory Y Theory X and Theory Y framework proposed by McGregor in his classic book â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise† (1960) consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Theory X perceives employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory Y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Your management style is strongly influenced by your beliefs and assumptions about what motivates members of your team. If you believe that team members dislike work, you will tend towards an authoritarian style of management; on the other hand, if you assume that employees take pride in doing a good job, you will tend to adopt a more participative style. Theory X Theory X assumes that employees are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, and this encourages an authoritarian style of management. According to this view, management must actively intervene to get things  done. This style of management assumes that workers: Dislike working. Avoid responsibility and need to be directed. Have to be controlled, forced, and threatened to deliver what’s needed. Need to be supervised at every step, with controls put in place. Need to be enticed to produce results; otherwise they have no ambition or incentive to work. X-Type organisations tend to be top heavy, with managers and supervisors required at every step to control workers. There is little delegation of authority and control remains firmly centralised. McGregor recognised that X-Type workers are in fact usually the minority, and yet in mass organisations, such as large scale production environment, X Theory management may be required and can be unavoidable. Theory Y Theory Y explains a participative style of management that is de-centralised. It assumes that employees are happy to work, are self-motivated and creative, and enjoy working with greater responsibility. It assumes that workers: Take responsibility and are motivated to fulfil the goals they are given. Seek and accept responsibility and do not need much direction. Consider work as a natural part of life and solve work problems imaginatively. This more participative management style tends to be more widely applicable. In Y-Type organisations, people at lower levels of the organisation are involved in decision making and have more responsibility. Contingency theories Fiedler’s contingency model The Fiedler Contingency Model asks you to think about your natural leadership style, and the situations in which it will be most effective. The model says that leaders are either task-focused, or relationship-focused. Once you understand your style, it says that you can match it to situations in which that style is most effective. Fiedler’s model consists of 3 primary elements: Leader-Member Relations – This is the level of trust and confidence that your team has in you. A leader who is more trusted and has more influence with the group is in a more favourable situation than a leader who is not trusted. Task Structure – This refers to the type of task you’re doing: clear and structured, or vague and unstructured. Unstructured tasks, or tasks where the team and leader have little knowledge of how to achieve them, are viewed unfavourably. Leader’s Position Power – This is the amount of power you have to direct the group, and provide reward or punishment. The more power you have, the more favourable your situation. Fiedler identifies power as being either strong or weak. There are some criticisms of the Fiedler Contingency Model. One of the biggest is lack of flexibility. Fiedler believed that because our natural leadership style is fixed, the most effective way to handle situations is to change the leader. He didn’t allow for flexibility in leaders. Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership The Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership theory states that instead of using just one style, successful leaders should change their leadership styles based on the maturity of the people they’re leading and the details of the task. Using this theory, leaders should be able to place more or less emphasis on the task, and more or less emphasis on the relationships  with the people they’re leading, depending on what’s needed to get the job done successfully. We will look at situational leadership more close later on. Transformational Leadership The leadership style called â€Å"transformational leadership† is often the most effective approach to use. Transformational leaders have integrity, they inspire people with a shared vision of the future, they set clear goals, they motivate people towards these goals, they manage delivery, and they communicate well with their teams. Transformational leaders are inspiring because they expect the best from everyone on their team as well as themselves. This leads to high productivity and engagement from everyone in their team. In many organisations, both transactional and transformational leadership styles are useful. Transactional leaders (or managers) ensure that routine work is done reliably, while transformational leaders look after initiatives that add new value. It’s also important to use other leadership styles when necessary – this will depend on the people you’re leading and the situation that you’re in. Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s continuum The Tannenbaum and Schmidt Continuum is a simple model of leadership theory which shows the relationship between the level of freedom that a manager chooses to give to a team, and the level of authority used by the manager. As the team’s freedom is increased, so the manager’s authority decreases. This is a positive way for both teams and managers to develop. Over time, a manager should aim to take the team from one end to the other, up the scale, at which point you should also aim to have developed one or a  number of potential successors from within your team to take over from you. When examining and applying the Tannenbaum and Schmidt principles, it’s extremely important to remember: irrespective of the amount of responsibility and freedom delegated by a manager to a team, the manager retains accountability for any catastrophic problems that result. Delegating freedom and decision-making responsibility to a team absolutely does not absolve the manager of accountability. That’s why delegating, whether to teams or individuals, requires a very grown-up manager. If everything goes well, the team must get the credit; if it all goes horribly wrong, the manager must take the blame. This is entirely fair, because the manager is ultimately responsible for judging the seriousness of any given situation – including the risks entailed – and the level of freedom that can safely be granted to the team to deal with it. This is not actually part of the Tannebaum and Schmidt Continuum, but it’s vital to apply this philosophy or the model will definitely be weakened, or at worse completely back-fire. Here are the Tannenbaum and Schmidt Continuum levels of delegated freedom, with some added explanation that should make it easier to understand and apply. 1.The Manager decides and announces the decision The manager reviews options in light of aims, issues, priorities, timescale, etc., then decides the action and informs the team of the decision. The manager will probably have considered how the team will react, but the team plays no active part in making the decision. The team may well perceive that the manager has not considered the team’s welfare at all. This is seen by the team as a purely task-based decision, which is generally a characteristic of X-Theory management style. 2.The manager decides and then ‘sells’ the decision to the group The manager makes the decision as in 1 above, and then explains reasons for the decision to the team, particularly the positive benefits that the team will enjoy from the decision. In so doing the manager is seen by the team to recognise the team’s importance, and to have some concern for the team. 3.The manager presents the decision with background ideas and invites questions The manager presents the decision along with some of the background which led to the decision. The team is invited to ask questions and discuss with the manager the rationale behind the decision, which enables the team to understand and accept or agree with the decision more easily than in 1 and 2 above. This more participative and involving approach enables the team to appreciate the issues and reasons for the decision, and the implications of all the options. This will have a more motivational approach than 1 or 2 because of the higher level of team involvement and discussion. 4.The manager suggests a provisional decision and invites discussion about it The manager discusses and reviews the provisional decision with the team on the basis that the manager will take on board the views and then finally decide. This enables the team to have some real influence over the shape of the manager’s final decision. This also acknowledges that the team has something to contribute to the decision-making process, which is more involving and therefore motivating than the previous level. 5.The manager presents the situation or problem, gets suggestions, then decides The manager presents the situation, and maybe some options, to the team. The team is encouraged and expected to offer ideas and additional options, and discuss implications of each possible course of action. The manager then decides which option to take. This level is one of high and specific involvement for the team, and is appropriate particularly when the team has more detailed knowledge or experience of the issues than the manager. Being  high-involvement and high-influence for the team this level provides more motivation and freedom than any previous level. 6.The manager explains the situation, defines the parameters and asks the team to decide At this level the manager has effectively delegated responsibility for the decision to the team, albeit within the manager’s stated limits. The manager may or may not choose to be a part of the team which decides. While this level appears to gives a huge responsibility to the team, the manager can control the risk and outcomes to an extent, according to the constraints that he stipulates. This level is more motivational than any previous, and requires a mature team for any serious situation or problem. (Remember that the team must get the credit for all the positive outcomes from the decision, while the manager remains accountable for any resulting problems or disasters. This isn’t strictly included in the original Tannenbaum and Schmidt definitions, so it needs pointing out because it’s such an important aspect of delegating and motivating, and leadership.) 7.The manager allows the team to identify the problem, develop the options, and decide on the action, within the manager’s received limits This is obviously an extreme level of freedom, whereby the team is effectively doing what the manager did in level 1. The team is given responsibility for identifying and analysing the situation or problem; the process for resolving it; developing and assessing options; evaluating implications, and then deciding on and implementing a course of action. The manager also states in advance that he/she will support the decision and help the team implement it. The manager may or may not be part of the team, and if so then he/she has no more authority than anyone else in the team. The only constraints and parameters for the team are the ones that the manager had imposed on him from above. (Again, the manager retains accountability for any resulting disasters, while the team must get the credit for all successes.) This level is potentially the most motivational of all, but also potentially the most disastrous. Not surprisingly the team  must be mature and competent, and capable of acting a t what is a genuinely strategic decision-making level. Leadership Styles Some basic leadership styles: Directive Frequently described as autocratic. Tells people what to do and expects them to jump to it. Participative Seeks input from others and participates in the decision-making process. Laissez-Faire A hands-off approach allowing for both initiative and the latitude to determine process to effect an outcome Adaptive A fluid style that takes into consideration the context of the environment and the individual being led. Using the techniques of Leadership Situational leadership ® Situational Leadership ® is a concept developed by Paul Hersey, an internationally recognised leading authority on training and development in leadership and management and Kenneth Blanchard, an American author and management expert. Generally when referring to the concept it is safer and correct to show the name as a registered protected trademark as it relates  to business and products by Hersey and Blanchard. Looking at ‘Directive Behaviour’ whereby the leader gives clear defined and detailed instructions, and ‘Supportive Behaviour’ where the leader gives people the freedom to make decisions and support them in their efforts, Hersey and Blanchard moved away from the idea of shifting on a line between the two and consider good leadership as a combination of both. The idea is that the way of combination will vary according to the person being dealt with by the leader, and the situation on which that person operates, hence the term – Situational Leadership ®. The notable features of this model are briefly that the model: focuses on followers (individual team members), rather than wider workplace circumstances; emphasise that leaders should change their behaviour according to the type of followers; proposes a progression of leadership adaptation in response to the development of followers. By combining high and low levels of each type of behaviour we progress towards four distinct styles of leadership. Level Group type Developing D1 Low competence / High commitment D2 Some competence / Low commitment D3 High competence / Variable commitment Developed D4 High competence / High commitment Appropriate leadership styles for each development level: Development Level Appropriate Leadership Style D1 Low competence / High commitment S1 Directing (Structure, control and supervise) D2 Some competence / Low commitment S2 Coaching (Direct and support) D3 High competence / Variable commitment S3 Supporting (Praise, listen and facilitate) D4 High competence / High commitment S4 Delegating (turn over responsibility for day-to-day decision making) Directing:The leader provides specific instructions and closely supervises the task. This style is appropriate for people who lack skill but are committed and eager to learn or those who do not want responsibility and want clear, specific instructions. Coaching:The leader gives some direction and supervision because team members, although they have some competence and commitment, are still relatively inexperienced, therefore require further development. They need support and praise to boost their self-esteem. Their involvement in decision making assists with the development process. Supporting:Even though team members do not need much direction, good support by the leader is still necessary to motivate and boost confidence. Delegating:Team members are both competent and committed therefore leader can give them responsibility for decision making and problem solving with little supervision or support. Power in Organisation Leadership Leadership and power are closely linked. Powerful people are normally those that others follow, so they become the leaders. The five bases of power were identified by John French and Bertram Raven in the early 1960’s through a study they had conducted on power in leadership roles. The study showed how different types of power affected one’s leadership ability and success in a leadership role. They identified five bases of power: 1.Legitimate:This comes from the belief that a person has the formal right to make demands, and to expect compliance and obedience from others. 2.Reward:This results from one person’s ability to compensate another for compliance. 3.Expert:This is based on a person’s superior skill and knowledge. 4.Referent:This is the result of a person’s perceived attractiveness, worthiness, and right to respect from others. 5.CoerciveThis comes from the belief that a person can punish others for noncompliance. If you’re aware of these sources of power, you can†¦ Better understand why you’re influenced by someone, and decide whether you want to accept the base of power being used. Recognise your own sources of power. Build your leadership skills by using and developing your own sources of power, appropriately, and for best effect. Trust The first task of any leader is to inspire trust. Trust is confidence born of two dimensions: character and competence. Character includes your integrity, motive, and intent with people. Competence includes your capabilities, skills, results, and track record. Both dimensions are vital. The foundation of trust is your own credibility, and it can be a real differentiator for any leader. A person’s reputation is a direct reflection of their credibility, and it precedes them in any interactions or negotiations they might have. Behaviours you can adopt to build trust in yourself: Talk Straight Demonstrate Respect Create Transparency Right Wrongs Show Loyalty Deliver Results Get Better Confront Reality Clarify Expectation Practice Accountability Listen First Keep Commitments Extend Trust Bibliography The Wall Street Journal Article: What is the difference between Management and Leadership (last accessed 4 August 2013) (http://guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what-is-the-difference-between-management-and-leadership/) The Biz Coach Article: 10 Key Differences between Leaders and Managers (last accessed 4 August 2013) (http://www.bizcoachinfo.com/archives/8426) Techno Funcâ„ ¢ Article: Trait Theory of Leadership (last accessed 4 August 2013) (http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/leadership-skills/leadership-theories/item/trait-theory-of-leadership-2) Article: Behavioural Theories of Leadership (last accessed 7 August 2013) (http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/leadership-skills/leadership-theories/item/behavioral-theories-of-leadership) About.com – Psychology Article: Psychology Theories (last accessed 7 August 2013) (http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/u/psychology-theories.htm) Research Methodology Article: Theory X and Theory Y (last accessed 7 August 2013) (http://research-methodology.net/theory-x-and-theory-y/) Mind Tools Article: Theory X and Theory Y (last accessed 7 August 2013) (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_74.htm) Article: Fiedler’s Contingency Model (last accessed 11 August 2013) (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/fiedler.htm) Article: The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership ® Theory (last accessed 11 August 2013) (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_44.htm) Article: French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power (last accessed 11 August 2013 (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_56.htm) Slideshare Article: Fiedler’s contingency model to leadership (by Bhobotosh Debnath) (last accessed 11 August 2013) (http://www.slideshare.net/bhobotoshdebnath/assignment-on-2) Businessballs.com Article: Tannenbaum and Schmidt Continuum (last accessed 11 August 2013) (http://www.businessballs.com/tannenbaum.htm) The Build Network Article: Leadership styles to master (last accessed 11 August 2013) (http://thebuildnetwork.com/leadership/4-leadership-styles/) The Fast Track Article: The 5 Types of Power in Leadership (last accessed 11 August 2013) (http://quickbase.intuit.com/blog/2011/08/26/the-5-types-of-power-in-leadership/) Leadership Now Article: How the best leaders build trust (last accessed 11 August 2013) (http://www.leadershipnow.com/CoveyOnTrust.html)

A Critical Analysis Of Merciles Beautee - 1792 Words

A critical analysis of â€Å"Merciles Beautee† as compared with â€Å"To Rosemounde, Hale sterne superne, hale in eterne and Of my lady wel me rejoise I may.† â€Å"The courtly lady†¦possesses a curiously hybrid gender. While maintaining stereotypically female sexuality, she also holds, in principle at least, the status of a feudal lord.† Burns’ statement insinuates a reversal of power dynamics between man and woman in the courtly love lyric, implying that the woman’s stereotypical beauty and sexuality in courtship, is a gateway to subverting and overpowering the lovesick male, making her a superior lord. The Amour Courtois lyric is deemed inconsistent with the representation of woman as an empowered â€Å"feudal lord† due to the sheer objectification of femininity and beauty. Poets such as Geoffrey Chaucer and William Dunbar commend a woman’s aesthetic appeal or satirise the lack of it, thus elevating medieval misogynistic expectations of physical beauty as a feminine necessity that objectifies women under the control of man’s advances. Throughout courtly love lyrics female beauty is a purel y frivolous and superficial trait lacking predominant depth, to render woman as a â€Å"lord† would be poetically conflicting as the only power exemplified by female subjects in courtship is through the idolisation and sexual lust of the male devotee. In Chaucer’s â€Å"Merciles Beautee†, feminine beauty is represented as a superficial threat, â€Å"merciless† lust is the sole weapon of the female against man in the fin